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Week 1
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Introduction to sensors, Overview of different types of sensors, Classification of sensors, Performance characteristics of sensors
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Week 2
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Resistive linear position sensor, Resistive potentiometer, Application of displacement sensors – Joystick, Inclinometer, Resistive–capacitive position sensor
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Week 3
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Resistive strain gauges, Quarter Wheatstone bridge, Rosette strain gauges, Applications of strain gauges – Designs using cantilever, The load cell.
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Week 4
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Applications of the load cell, Torque transducers, Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), Representing RTD response with higher-order polynomials, Effect of self-heating and lead-wire resistance in RTD measurements
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Week 5
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Understanding instrumentation amplifiers: operation and features, Instrumentation amplifier in bridge circuits, Six-wire full-bridge measurement, Introduction to electromagnetic sensors, Maxwell's first equation – Gauss's law for electrostatics, Maxwell's second equation – Gauss's law for magnetism
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Week 6
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Maxwell's third equation – Faraday's law of induction, Maxwell's fourth equation – Ampere's law.
Types and applications of electromagnetic sensors, Principle of operation of a search coil, Circuit model for a search-coil measurement setup, Typical structure and design parameters of an inductive coil, Electrical equivalent circuit of an inductive coil, Amplitude–frequency characteristics of an inductive coil, Search coil with pre-amplifier
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Week 7
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Search coil with a ferromagnetic core and associated measurement unit, Applications of search coils, Gradiometers, Metal detector.
Eddy-current testing, Eddy-current-based evaluation of magnetic and conductive properties of a specimen, Eddy-current-based detection of cracks in a specimen, Proximity sensors
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Week 8
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Conventional inductive loop vehicle detector, Special inductive loop vehicle detector, Series-connected multiple inductive loop vehicle detection system, Multiple inductive loop detector for vehicle speed measurement, Magnetically coupled multiple inductive loop detector.
Inductive sensors, Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT), LVDT with phase-sensitive demodulator
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Week 9
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Fluxgate magnetometer – Theory of operation, Designs of a fluxgate magnetometer – Single core, Double core, Mathematical equations governing a fluxgate magnetometer, Noise characteristics of a fluxgate sensor, Applications of fluxgate sensors, MEMS-type fluxgate sensors, Advantages and disadvantages of fluxgate magnetometers.
Introduction to magnetoresistance sensors, Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors
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Week 10
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Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) effect-based sensor, Spin-dependent scattering in GMR sensors, Spin-valve GMR sensor, Tunneling Magnetoresistance (TMR)-based sensor, Design parameters of GMR sensors, Applications of GMR
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Week 11
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Introduction to Hall sensors, Design and operation of Hall sensors, Hall-effect current sensors.
Introduction to capacitive sensors, Interdigital capacitive sensors, Analysis of fringing electric field in capacitance calculation, Effect of cable capacitance in capacitance measurement, Push-pull type capacitive displacement sensor
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Week 12
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Linear variable differential capacitive sensor, Capacitive touch sensor, Differential capacitive pressure sensor, Introduction to piezoelectric sensors, Operation of piezoelectric sensors, Charge amplifier for piezoelectric sensors
Introduction to sound sensors, Ultrasonic sensors and applications, Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors, Tuning fork sensors
Introduction to light sensors, Photodiode, Phototransistor, Photoresistor (LDR), Photoelectric sensors, Fibre-optic sensors
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